. . . Arrived in Liverpool about 3 o'clock p.m. Procured good lodgings at Robinson's Temperance Hotel Number 3, Manchester Street. They treated us kindly and we were well situated. Had some refreshment and spent the evening together and at past 8 we went to the train to meet the Saints from Barrowden Coby & Buckstock. About 20 in number all belonging to our Conference. All arrived save took supper and went to bed quite tired.

8th. Breakfasted at the Hotel and went with the brethren down to the docks to see the ship which was lying at Mosely Docks the Ellen Maria. A good looking [p.77] craft. Elders Angus and Wilson were at the office paying our money and securing our births. All the Saints from Leicester as well as Brother Milnor who joined us boarded together. We took a walk after we returned from the docks. Saw the Market Place and Market House and returned to bed at 11 in the evening.

9th. Went with Brother Angus and others to the Saints chapel. Several brethren present on missions from the Valley. Bishop Brown, Willey, Smith and others were called on to address us and made suitable speeches to us warning us against the evils that exist and the temptations we should meet at St. Louis and warned the Saints against drinking brandy. We all rejoiced in their teachings. In the afternoon wrote several letters. In the evening went to the chapel L. W. Richards made some good remarks on the subject of polygamy showing the wisdom of the celestial order and the evils of the present state of society followed by Elder Orson Spencer on the same subject in his usual plain and simple manner so that no one could gain say his word for he spoke by the spirit. The house was crowded and sanctioned the address by a hearty amen. Slept at the hotel.

10th. Went to the Railway Station and got the luggage from there to the ship. Dined on boat for the first time and slept on board. My sleeping companion was Brother Thomas French and Brother Charles Welsh. Welsh slept next to us. The Saints were all merry and during the night some were singing and others joking. We slept several hours and rested well.

11th. Arranging our boxes and preparing for sea. Ship was to have started today but was not ready. Wrote some letters to my friends. In the evening enjoyed ourselves singing and until 9 and then turned in.

12th. Rose at 6. Helped the Brethren in our conference lash our boxes. The vessel was wind-bound in the afternoon. Brother O. Angus bid us farewell as he was about to return to his [p.78] field of labor. Wrote out my journal. Saints playing music and dancing.

13th. Wind still ahead all anxious to leave for Zion. Wrote to my mother to inform her we were still in Liverpool.

14th. Head wind. Wrote to Elder Joseph Welsh [Welch] of Leir. This evening Elder Clauson [Clawson] gave us orders to organize ourselves in a company for the time being so that prayers might be offered up morning and evening. It was proposed by Elder [John H.] Thompson and seconded by Elder Charles Welsh [Welch] that Elder James Farmer preside over the company until we got out at sea and the Saints be properly organized. Proposed that we meet at past 8 in the evening for prayers. Gave the Brethren some little instruction and returned to bed.

15th. Fair wind in the morning but came ahead before noon.

16th. Went on guard this morning from 4 to 6 with Brother Welsh.[Welch] Spent the morning in reading and writing and at 2 p.m. Brother Moses Clauson [Clawson] called all the elders together to organize us into companies. There were 25 elders on board. He read over to them the letter he had received from Franklin W. Richards authorizing him to preside over the Saints on board. He called to his assistance, Elder George Kendall. All the brethren were appointed as follows, every 4 elders had charge over the Saints living near them up to the boundary of the next 4 and so on through the vessel. I, Elders Welsh, [Welch] W. [William] Wadley and Joseph Wadley had charge over the portion near the hatchway and had to see that all things were in order. It was then proposed we all meet for prayer at 7 p.m. and 8 p.m. Then proposed that Elders Isaac Bourne, [Henry] Duce and Pough [Pugh] preside over the elders under Brother Clauson [Clawson] and Kendall. This evening I was called on to administer to a sick brethren. We engaged in prayer at 8 being notified by the sound of a bugle. Brother [John G.] Wilson prayed.

17th. Appointed the previous night to preside over the watch and see it changed every 2 hours [p.79] had to call up the brethren going on guard at 6. This morning we were called to order for prayer by Brother [Henry] Duce. Brother Henry Palmer, who had assisted me to go to Zion with me to cook for him and him to provide me with all the extra provisions I wanted on the journey. Brother John [G.] Wilson was present at this arrangement. The captain gave orders to get the ship ready for a start. We started at 4 p.m. all the Saints mustered on board and as we left the dock we sang the hymn page 361, "The Shepherd Have Raised Their Sweet Warning Voices," leaving with cheerful hearts. We were hauled about mile outside the docks and came to an anchor. Some of the sisters were sick. We were called on to administer to a little boy, Edwin Read, about 7 years old, from Portsmouth, under the care of Sister Elizabeth Smith, being an orphan. I and Elder Wilson administered to him and at 8 we had prayers and went to bed.

18th. I saw Sister Smith who said the boy was much better. Steamer came alongside and towed us down the river about 16 miles. The Saints were all well and the sea calm. I and other brethren cleaned the deck this morning and attended to all the duties of our calling. Toward evening the sea became rough and I very sick as well as others. Had prayer and went to bed.

19th. Attended prayer feeling very sick during the night. The wind had been very high and nearly all the Saints were sick. Very few were able to get out of bed and the weather was rough. We came in sight of the Welsh Coast. I was glad to see it and so were all the brethren that were able to get up to see it. We were called on to administer to many and at night the weather was still unfavorable. About 10, several elders arose from their beds and called on the Lord to cause the wind to abate as many of the Saints were fearful of danger. The Lord heard and answered our prayer and we again returned to our beds.

20th. Still sick [p.80] and all the Saints the same. Sister Sally Diggle was delivered of a little girl. She was from Heywood Branch Manchester Conference. The child was well and the mother going well. I began to get better and went round with other brethren and got quite a number of the Saints up on deck. In the afternoon sighted the Irish Mountains, passed several sails. Was called on with Brother [Isaac] Room [Roome] to administer to Sister May Lee from Ashborn under line and she got better. This evening Elders Clauson [Clawson] and Kendall gave the cook orders to make gruel for all the Saints that were sick. I and Elder Welsh [Welch] were appointed to take the gruel round and we gave to every one a portion and went to bed.

21st. I felt a little better but many of the Saints were still sick. Got the brethren some breakfast. The wind fairer. Left the Welsh Coast. Got the sisters on deck all that were able. They appeared very sickly. Amongst them was Sister Emma Fosbury [Forsbury] from Leicester and Sisters [Mary] Palmer and [Lucy] Wilson and others. I got the blankets off my bed and put round them. The sun was shining and it was warm and we were going along swiftly with a fair wind. Passed every ship we saw and felt cheerful to know the Lord had heard and answered our prayers. The brethren began to feel better. At night I saw Brother Clauson. [Clawson] He was bad but cheerful and knew he should reach the land of Zion. I had much conversation with him and after prayers in the evening I had conversation with the 2nd mate. This was the most beautiful night I ever saw.

22nd. Conversed again with the 2nd mate. Saw part of the Welsh Mountain and saw a lighthouse about 20 miles off. This was a dangerous place being confined for room having land on both sides of us. Wind still blowing south-west. Administered to Brother Bains of the Hull Branch who got better; also to Jacob B. Bunting from Norwich Conference and I and Elder Welsh [Welch] took gruel round to the sick. It refreshed them [p.81] and they were glad of it. Brothers Clauson [Clawson] and Kendall did all they could for their comfort both night and day. Had prayers and went to bed. Wind still in our favor.

23rd. I and Brother Welsh [Welch] administered gruel to the sick. Some of them got up afterwards and went on deck. Sister Mary Palmer began to get better and prepared dinner for us in the afternoon. Wrote out my journal. In the evening had singing and prayers.

24th. Wind was rough yet favorable. Captain said we had traveled 200 miles from 8 a.m. Sunday till 8 Monday morning. The Saints were better till evening and then there was a squall and the sea rose and the ship was tossed about and some of the brethren fearing they should be lost. All us in the steerage met and called on the Lord to revoke the wind and keep us in safety and the wind changed in our favor. We took round the gruel and went to bed.

25th. The wind rough and the sea high. The ship rocking about like a cork and the water coming into the steerage. The hatch had to be put on and kept on for some time. In the afternoon the hatchway was opened and the brethren allowed on deck. At this time the Saints were rolling about, the boxes being turned over, pots capsized and dinners, meat, pudding and all rolling about. Everything one mass of confusion. The storm continued during the day and night. I and others elders were called on to fetch Elder Kendall as Elder Charles Barnes' wife gave birth to a male child. Her name was Fanny Barnes. [MEANING ELDER CHARLES BARNES' WIFE] Sister Hannah Allen with Elders Kendall and Peugh [Pugh] assisted at the birth. She was delivered and was doing well and had a very fine child and all appeared well. During the night I and Elder Welsh [Welch] took round the gruel and I was called on in the night with others to administer to Sister Barnes as she was taken bad and the night was rough and the ship rocked much and caused her much pain as she had not had her second turn and she gradually got weaker and exhausted. I stood [p.82] by her bed and tried to cheer her up. She said her spirits were not cast down but her pain was greater than she could bear and at 11 o'clock she expired I had been to Elders Clauson [Clawson] and Kendall several times during the night and received instructions from them. At one time as I was going the sea washed over me and wetted me through. Elders Kendall and Peaugh [Pugh] came down into the steerage and comforted them all they could. The husband was much grieved. At about 1 o'clock I went to bed.

26th. Many of the Saints were sick and bad. We placed Sister Barnes in a counterpane and took her on deck and the Saints came on deck to see her interred in her watery grave which took place at 15 minutes to 11 a.m. in 46.40 N.L. [MEANING EITHER, North Latitude or North Longitude] The sea was rough and she appeared in sight for several seconds. They were from the Hull Conference She left 2 children. The child also died at about 6 and was interred with the mother. Retired to bed but was called up to administer to Brother Samuel Bell. Brother Hames said he was dying. I went with Brother Welsh [Welch] and Wilson to see him and found him looking as if he was dying. We administered to him and before we left him he came to himself and said he knew we was attending to the ordinance of the Church, but he had not had the power to speak, but he then felt much better and began to drink, and from that time got well. He was from the Norwich Conference.

27th. Wind fairer and much more calm. Gave out provisions. I assisting Elders Peaugh [Pugh] and [Henry] Duce in the matter. We all got together in the evening and spent the time in singing and prayer.

28th. Gave out the remainder of provisions. Brother Clauson's [Clawson's] health much better. The wind and sea calm. Met in the evening and received some good instruction from Elders Clauson [Clawson] and Kendall and made plans for the comfort of the Saints. In cooking, divided the Saints on board into 3 parts. Spent the evening in reading Uncle Tom's Cabin. Attended prayers and went to bed.

29th. Roused by the [p.83] sound of the bugle at past 5. Fair wind, the Saints rejoicing. Got the sick on deck which refreshed them and renewed their strength. This morning Elder Kendall gave out the cheese. The provisions were all good except the tea and most of the Saints well satisfied. The counsel of Elder Clauson [Clawson] was put in force. That is that the 3 parts of the company cook in their turn for 2 hours each so as to give all an equal chance. Sailing south-west. Spent the evening in reading and retired to bed.

30th. Sea and wind calm. I saw quite a number of porpoises. They appeared very large and were the first we had seen and we had not seen either bird or beast except a few seagulls since we left Liverpool. At 9 I went on duty being appointed to cook for our ward and did so assisted by Peter Broadhurst and came off duty at 11. Went to meeting on the Quarter Deck. Elder Clauson [Clawson] addressed the meeting and gave the Saints some excellent counsel. Said the Lord had blessed us since we left, yet he was much grieved that we had lost Sister Barnes. He said he believed that if there had been a midwife on board and the wind calm, that she would have been here now, but such was not the case, for it had been a very rough night. She was gone and he greatly regretted it, yet all was right and if the Saints would do right we should not loose another on our journey. Meeting adjourned till 3. Meeting opened by singing and prayer. Brother Kendall spoke and the Saints rejoiced. I was not there, it being my turn again to cook. Many alterations took place such as meeting in the morning for prayer at past 6 instead of 7. At the close of Brother Kendall's remarks the following presented themselves to be married namely: Brother William Bourn [POSSIBLY, Bowen] of Hull aged 27 to Sister Jane Ann Metcalf from York, 19 years old. Also Brother Alfred Sparks, 17, from Worcester to Sister Jane Fowler, 17, from the Preston Branch. They were married on the the [SIC] quarter deck by Brother Clauson [Clawson] . Brother Bourne [POSSIBLY, Bowen] gave his wife a hearty kiss and she returned it. The other Brother was rather shy so his wife gave him one and he returned it. [p.84] All the Saints appeared to rejoice. Meeting closed at past 4 a.m. Brother Kendall's wife gave birth to a male child attended by Elders Kendall and Pough [Pugh] who administered to her according to the order of the Church. Sister Knaggs took a praiseworthy part and truly the power of God was made manifest in behalf of Sister [Elizabeth] Kendall for was doing as well as could be expected. After supper called to administer to Brother Edward Cliff of Barrowden he began to amend. After prayer we all retired to bed.

31st. Cleaned the [-] decks and made everything as clean as we could. Wind and sea very calm. Not going more than 3 knots an hour and sometimes not so much. Spent the day in reading and writing. Slight rain toward night. In the morning it was cold and in sailing south but the wind changed in the evening to the north-west and blew quite a gale during the night. Called on this evening to administer to Brother Joseph Field who was sick with pain in his body and he began to amend also. Administered to several other Saints.

February 1st. High wind. Ship going north-west rather out of our course. Going almost 8 or 9 knots. We had sailed 2000 miles since this day fortnight. This caused the Saints to rejoice. Many of the Saints were very poorly - this morning and continued so during the day. The ship heaving which caused them to feel sick. My health continued pretty good. Wrote out my journal. Sister Sarrah Smart from Leicester was very poorly. She had been so all the time. Brother [Samuel] Dixon from Corby also had been sick all the time and could not get out of his bed for many minutes together. Also Brother [Henry] and Sister [Eliza] Bonns [PROBABLY, Bowns] from Blaby. They were very weak. This afternoon a vessel came in sight. She was heading towards England from New Orleans. We were glad to see her. In the evening spent my time in reading. There was seen today a large whale. I was in the steerage so did not see it. After evening prayers I went into the 2nd cabin to see Brother John [B.] Milner who was very sick and could not help himself. Administered to his wants and returned to bed.

2nd. Wind north-west blowing a smart gale. Went on deck and saw another ship appear in sight. She was [p.85] rather large and appeared bound for New Orleans. She came within a mile and we got a glass and could see several people on deck. I afterwards went to Brother Milner. He was still very ill. His bowels were much out of order. I took his trousers and washed them for him as was not able to clean himself. Made him some gruel and did all I could for him. He appeared very thankful. Saw another vessel in the afternoon within a mile or 2 of us. Attended Brother Milner again in the evening and made him as comfortable as I could. Stayed with him till about 10 at night.

3rd. Wind still north-west. The brethren prayed that the Lord would cause the wind to change and truly this morning the wind did change according to our prayers. It changed from north-west to south-west which was a fair wind. It blew pretty fresh all day. Went with Brother Welsh [Welch] to cooking for the ward being our turn. Another ship passed this morning. Gave out provisions. I acting as clerk. In the afternoon attended Brother Milner, got him out of bed and on the Quarter Deck and took him something to eat and he began to be better. In the evening we enjoyed ourselves first rate. Elder Clauson [Clawson] and Brother [John G.] Wilson came round to us in our berths and favored us with some of their favorite pieces. We enjoyed the singing and so did the 1st mate who was there. After prayers I went to Brother Milner and attended to him and left him for the night. I and Elder Charles Welsh [Welch] went on deck and conversed with the 1st mate on the principles of the gospel till about 11 at night. He was very attentive and I offered to lend him a book. He said he should be glad of it. Bid him good night and went to bed.

4th. Went and attended to Brother Milner and got him up on deck. Wind south-west. The Saints rejoicing that they were so blessed. Sailing about 10 knots per hour.

5th. Wind West by North. Sailing to our satisfaction after prayers commenced cleaning under our berths and all through the ward. [p.86] During the morning one of the seamen met with a serious accident . He fell from the royal mast onto the deck and broke a rail which he fell on. He cut a very large gash on his temple. He had no bones broke. He was an Irishman about 18 or 19 years old. Wrote out my journal. This day the powers of darkness seemed to shine with many of the Saints. Brother Henry Palmer and a Sister met with a slight accident but nothing serious and we felt to give thanks to the Lord that his power was amongst us and that the evil one could not destroy any one of us.

6th. Wind west south-west. Fair weather. Sailing about 13 knots and all rejoicing. At 11 attended meeting on the Quarter Deck which was opened in the usual way. Brother Clauson [Clawson] addressed us and caused us to rejoice. The meeting was adjourned at 1 and called together again at 3 p.m. by sound of bugle. The Saints being all together filled the Quarter deck. Sacrament was administered and we rejoiced in it as it was the first time we had enjoyed that privilege since we left England. This was followed by instructive remarks by several of the elders. Had a slight rain but it cleared off fine and we were much refreshed by an increase of the Spirit of the Lord. Love and union prevailed amongst us. Brother Clauson [Clawson] remarked that he was much pleased with both officers and Saints for all were desirous of doing right in all things. The meeting was closed at 5. The child of Sister [PROBABLY, Sally] Diggle was blessed by Elder Kendall and named Ellen Marria. It was born January 20, 1853. I took tea with Brother Metcalf and other Saints from the Brandford Conference .

7th. Fine weather. Wind still the same. Going about the same rate. Served out the water. The sailors who was hurt was getting better and able to eat his food in the evening. We were [p.87] going about 14 knots and we rejoiced to be so much favored. At 7 this evening Sister Caroline Form [Frim] gave birth to a male child. She was attended by Sister Jane Nass [POSSIBLY, Knaggs] who took a very active part in bringing the child forth. She was favored and blessed by the Lord having a good time. She is the wife of Brother John Form [Frim] of the Worcester Branch. Attended to Brother Milner and retired to bed.

8th. Wind and weather still fair. My turn to cook from 9 to 11 and from 3 to 5. Weather getting very warm. Saw several large fish during the day. Had some conversation in the morning with Brother Clauson [Clawson] who was unwell and in the evening administered to Sister Smith and her adopted child [Albert Read] and to Sister [-] who was very ill.

9th. Fine clear morning but not much wind as it had changed south-west by west. Wrote out my journal. Not sailing more than 3 or 4 knots. Gave out the water. Spent the time in reading-writing and studying phonography. At 5 p.m. wind freshened and continued during the night going about 12 knots and sometimes more. This evening I was very unwell and went to bed after prayers.

10th. Gave out provisions and at 3 o'clock eat my dinner and felt better. In the afternoon gave out the water which takes 3 of us. I, Elders Pough [Pugh] and Welsh [Welch]. Afterward administered to Brother William Buckington's [Bickington's] daughter, Francis Hannah, who had inflammation in her left eye. It was getting better. The wind began to freshen, blowing south-west by west and after prayers we were called on Deck to help make sail so several of us went and lent them a hand till 10 p.m. The 2nd mate was on duty; he was a good hearted man. We then retired to bed.

11th. Fine morning. South-west wind and sailing about 9 knots. My turn to cook from 9 to 11 and from 3 to 5. I was this day appointed by Elder [Henry] Duce to see that the place of convenience were properly cleaned in connection with Brother William Wadley so that all might be cleanly. I and others were called on to administer to Brother Barnes and Brother [William] L. N. Allen who were sick [p.88] for several days. Wind blowing south-west by west and fresh. Spent a portion of the night with Elder [William] Edington [Eddington] and family. Brother Clauson [Clawson] was very sick and remained so all night.

12th. Calm and south-west wind. Cleaned the deck in our ward by 11 and then went on deck and helped just the vessel about several times. In the afternoon saw a vessel and at sundown saw 2 more, but at a great distance. Could not make them out. About 10 p.m. saw a light in the distance from a ship in distress. We could not get near her.

13th. Wind, south-west. Saw a vessel standing towards us. She came near enough for us to see her crew. It commenced to rain. The vessel came within hail and we spoke [to] with a speaking trumpet. She was English and bound to Charleston, South Carolina, had been out 85 days and had rough weather since they left and had consumed nearly all their provisions. They asked us assistance and our captain said he would spare them a little which pleased them. They sent their boat alongside and we let them have 2 barrels of bread and one of pork. Her name was "Coquet" she had been 85 days coming the same distance we had made in 25, which showed us how the Lord had favored us on our journey while many ships had been driven back to Liverpool. We had been sailing with a fair wind toward New Orleans, for we had passed them in the Irish Channel like a cork and it astonished our captain to see the ship keep her course while others were going back though bound for the same place as we. At 11 the weather cleared off and the bugle sounded for meeting on the Quarter Deck. Brother Clauson [Clawson] addressed us showing the reason why we had come and taken bodies and the object we have in going to Zion, to gain eternal life, and followed by Brother Kendall, who made some good remarks and the Saints rejoiced. Adjourned at 1 till 3 when we met again. Elder Winters [Winter] addressed us for about 40 minutes. He had been an itinerate preacher and told us of his conversion to the truth followed by Brother Clauson [Clawson] in some suitable remarks. He then blessed the child of Sister Kendall and [p.89] named it George. We afterwards spent the evening together.

14th. Wind, south-east. Rather cold and several of the Saints rather poorly. Administered to Sister Buckingham [Bickington] who was very poor. In the afternoon, us Leicester Saints all met and invited several friends and had a social tea party and 30 or a little over present and enjoyed ourselves with singing, reciting and c. [PROBABLY, &c] After evening prayer the wind was very rough. We were steering south-west by west and the vessel tossing and rocking about and the sea running very high and many of the Saints fearing the ship would be destroyed. On of the sails torn to pieces with the wind. Not being in bed, I went on deck with Brother Welsh [Welch] to see the storm. The sailors were working at the fore end of the ship and nearly exhausted and the ship was in great danger. The 2nd mate was on duty and was glad to see us and asked us to come and help them. We did so. The storm was increasing and we sent Brother [Henry] Palmer to call up the brethren and in a few minutes about 30 or 50 of the brethren came on deck to help the men. The captain and mates were very pleased. We all worked hard hauling and pulling on the ropes and doing all the good we could, the sails being reefed. The 2nd mate thanked us and said without our assistance the ship would have been lost or as he said would have gone to hell. The wind abated and about 2 we went to bed. A little boy named Albert Read died yesterday and was interred this morning by Elder Clauson [Clawson] and prayed over the corpse. He was 4 years old, the one under the care of Mrs. Smith from Portsmouth. He died of consumption. We were sorry to see another thrown into the deep.

15th. Wind south-west by west, gave out water. Wind still continuing fair. The weather was very hot and I was cook this day for the ward.

16th. Wind not quite so fair. Gave out the provisions at 5 p.m. Went with several other elders by invitation to a tea party at the after end of the ship. Everything was got up nicely by the Saints [p.90] from the Bradford Conference. I never thought such a party could have been arranged so well on board a ship. Brothers Clauson [Clawson] , Pough, [Pugh] Duce and others were present. After tea we had recitations, songs and c, [PROBABLY, &c] and after prayer at 8 we returned to our enjoyment and kept up the party for 2 hours more.

17th. Served out the water and wrote out my journal. Winds favorable. Spent the afternoon in reading. In the evening, by the counsel of Brother Clauson [Clawson], we had a dance on the Quarter Deck and several other kind of amusement. The Saints as well as myself enjoyed themselves first rate. Had prayers as usual at 8 and then continued our amusements till 9 and retired to bed.

18th. Vessel steering her course south-west by west. Sailing about 10 knots and fine weather. Saw a vessel in the distance and was in sight all day. On Wednesday afternoon we were 900 miles from New Orleans we were 27.40 North L.[UNCLEAR, EITHER longitude or latitude] and 72 West and as fair wind. Served out water and received orders from the captain that we could have as much as we wanted so that we need not spare. I and Elder [John G.] Wilson administered to his wife who was sick with a sore mouth and weak body. Spent the day in reading and in visiting the Saints. Brother Clauson [Clawson] was very ill but towards the evening he revived so that he could get on deck. The wind changed about during the day and part of the time we were steering north-west After prayers we went on deck for an hour and then retired to our beds.

19th. Fine breeze and a fine morning. Wind abut south-west by west Brother Clauson [Clawson] was much better. Had another birth on board about 7 this morning. Sister Ribbork [Rebbeck] delivered a male child, assisted by Sister Nagg. [Knagg] She had a good time. She was the wife of Benjamin Rebbeck from Queen Forest Branch, Southampton Conference The sea was very rough this day and the wind very high. 2 vessels in sight most of the day. The wind shifting about and the ship being much tossed about like a cork on the waters. Many of the Saints feeling [p.91] unwell. After prayers at 8 we went on deck till 9 and it was wonderful to see the sea rolling to and fro and retired to rest at 9, but were called up again as the sailors could not handle the ship, so we helped them all we could and returned to our beds, the ship being in great danger.

20th. This morning Sunday. After helping the sailors we went to bed and we were suddenly surprised to find some of the brethren pressing on us. Their berths having broke down and to hear the cries and screams of the Sisters and the crash of the wind, it was one scene of confusion. Some thought we were being wrecked. I was fast asleep but as soon as I could get out of my berth I did so and helped the rest. There was about 6 berths broke down. The wind was raging and blowing north-west and the sea running mountains high and continued so during the day. Brother Clauson [Clawson] was too ill to get up. I had some conversation with him on business of importance. He desired to know how the Saints were getting on as he was able to get amongst us. I gave him all the information I could to his satisfaction. We could hold no meeting on account of weather. The wind began to abate abut 3 p.m. and at night they put more sail on her.

21st. Wind about south-west and the sea calm. We served out the water. Went on deck and saw a vessel near us. She appeared an emigrant ship. We hoisted our colors and she did the same. She was also bound for New Orleans. I forgot to state that yesterday I had several falls and at one time the sea washed over me and many others met with similar accidents. It was a comfort this day to be able to stand on our feet. This morning I wrote out my journal. The sail kept in sight all day and at night saw several others being a moonlit night. We had the privilege from Brother Clauson [Clawson] to have a dance and did so till 8 o'clock. Prayer and after that went on deck again and amused ourselves till 9.

22nd. Fine morning. Sun [p.92] shining and very warm. Several vessels in sight. This was my cooking day from 11 to 1 and from 5 to 6. At 9 this morning there were 14 ships in sight from various nations and at 10 we made the Hole in the Wall. There seems to be plenty of timber on this island and we could see the lighthouse quite plain and by aid of the glass I could see 3 houses near the lighthouse. We could also see the hole in the rocks and the sea dashing through, the name of the island is Abaque, a noted place for pirates in olden times. Brother Clauson [Clawson] felt better in the evening and gave us the privilege to stop on deck till 10. We caught sight of land and entered the Straits of Florida. We were called up about past 10 to help put the ship about as the wind changed and became very rough.

23rd. A very rough morning. Served out the water and were called on deck again to help tack. The wind shifted fair to waft us into the Gulf. In the afternoon the wind changed and we were on the other tack, but nearly fair. Spent my time in reading and conversing with Brother H. [Henry] Palmer on the doctrines of plurality of wives. His mind being confused concerning it. I told him to leave it and that he should have all the information concerning it when he arrived at the Valley. The wind began to get rough and sea very high. At 8 the bugle sounded for prayers but the weather was so bad that the sailors could not manage the ship and as they wanted more help, the captain asked us to stay and lend a hand. Several of us did so and the rest went to prayers. The storm increased every hour. We carried much canvas but some of it was torn like paper. The captain, mates, and crew were very much confused and knew not what to do. So, at past 9 all the brethren were called on deck to the assistance of the crew [p.93] and while we stood pulling on the ropes the sea dashed over us and wetted us through. We were at the head of the ship and everything appeared unfavorable. The ship had no more power over the water than a cork. Her head would dip in the water and throw it over us. The Saints began to be frightened thinking they could feel the ship grating against the bottom. We were in 5 fathoms. This would only leave the vessel 3 feet of water for her to dip in. The captain was much surprised and appeared very much confused and at once ordered the 1st mate to let go the anchor. All hands were at once engaged some pulling ropes and furling sails others were preparing the anchor. At this time there were about 100 men on deck and all was a scene of confusion. The captain sounded several times and Brother Anthony Metcalf who helped the captain and mate said it varied from 5 to 10 fathoms. The moon was shining and a strong breeze by 30 past 10, the sails were furled and at to 11. We let go the anchor which fortunately caught hold and the ship became steady much to the joy and satisfaction of the Saints. We then went down into the steerage and offered up prayer. Brother Clauson [Clawson] still very sick. This morning we saw Bermons Island to the left of us where the slave trade is carried on to a great extent. It seemed to be a large island and at 12, I and most of the brethren went to bed.

24th. At 4 a.m. the anchor broke loose and to hear the roaring of the waters and the rolling of the ship it appeared quite dismal. The captain at once ordered the other anchor to be let go and the ship became steady again. After prayers at 6 the captain called for all the assistance he could get and in a few minutes from 60 to 100 brethren came on deck. It was a fine morning and a fair wind to carry us through the straits. One part of the Brethren helped loose sails and I and others helped heave up the anchor and by past 8 [p.94] we were under way and under full sail steering south-west and in 2 hours saw a lighthouse on an island and could discern several houses and trees on the mountains. This is a place famous for the growth of tobacco. We here left the shallow water and had on one side dark blue and on the other side light green water. The green being shallow and the blue the deep water and said by some that it was impossible to fathom it. We came in sight of a vessel but not near enough to be to make her out. The wind was calm. In the evening we again saw land and a lighthouse on it. This was a beautiful sight to see the setting of the sun on it. Never saw any thing to equal it and when the moon rose it was splendid. After prayers in the evening I went on deck and stayed till 10 o'clock. At this time we were just passing the lighthouse. At this time were going steady and in the right course.

25th. Sunshiny morning. Sailing abut 10 knots. Course south-west and at past 9 saw the land of America called the State of West Florida. This caused us to rejoice. Served out the water. The day continued fine and we had land in sight all day. While going down the Straits of Florida we saw a vessel at a distance that was wrecked. Some of the brethren said they could see people at board. She had lost all her masts and rigging. They hoisted no signal of distress so our captain passed on. At 6 we sighted a lighthouse which remained in sight nearly all night as there was not much wind. I had to stand on watch from 10 this evening till 2 in the morning. The moon was shining and a vessel neared us under full sail which looked quite beautiful. At 2 I called up Brother Welsh [Welch] to relieve me as his watch was from 2 to 6.

26th. Rose about 8 and went on duty at 9 with Brother Forth [Firth] and Smith being our cooking day that is from 9 to 11 and from 3 to 5. One vessel kept close to us all day and in the [p.95] afternoon we saw several. This morning we entered the Gulf of Mexico. Wind south-west.

27th. Being Sunday morning, I and Elder Wadley took and washed each other all over with salt water. It was a fine morning and we were steering north-west with a fair wind. It was a splendid sight to see the sun which rose like a mass of fire over the waters. At 11 we held a meeting on the Quarter Deck after singing and prayer Elder Clauson [Clawson] arose and said he was most happy to meet with the brethren and sisters on board the ship. He said that since he had taken charge he had striven to do his best for the comfort of the company and many times he had not been able to get out of his bed but he had planned for their good. He would have like to have been able to have got out more amongst them but bad health had prevented it. He said he had never seen a number of Saints that he was more pleased with as we had been so willing to obey counsel in all things. He took an expression from the Saints to know if they were satisfied with the course he had taken since we left Liverpool and called for all that were satisfied to raise their hands. All expressed their feeling by the show of hands. It was put to the company, and not one was against him. We all felt to love him and support him by our faith and prayers. I must here remark that Elder Clauson [Clawson] had been much belied by the Saints on board though he had strove for their good. At 1 the meeting was dismissed and reopened at 3. Elder Kendall spoke for about 1 hour on the plurality of wives. The Saints rejoiced. The sacrament was then administered and Elder Clauson [Clawson] announced that he should give a Lecture at 7 p.m. on the Subject of Plurality at which time we met and after the opening of the meeting Brother Clauson [Clawson] spoke at a great length on the subject to the satisfaction of the Saints with a few exceptions, he cleared up his remarks in a masterly style. At 8 had prayers and went to bed.

28th. Sailing down the gulf with a fair [p.96] wind. Served out the water and provisions. In the afternoon wrote out my journal. In the evening about 5 we had a storm with a heavy rain which continued about 1 hours accompanied by thunder and lightning which continued during the night. Head wind sailing north-west. This evening I had to go round to all the Saints in our end of the vessel to ascertain how many boxes we all had at our end. We had 102. Besides provision boxes. There was a sail in sight this afternoon.

March 1. A beautiful morning, several ships in sight. Went down in the hold with Elder Duce to move some barrels. In the afternoon several vessels in sight and also some steamers. At sundown we could see land at a place called the "Bar" at the mouth of the Mississippi. Had some conversation with Brother Clauson [Clawson] .

2nd. Fair morning with many ships in sight and packets towing the ships up the river. But during the night we had been driven back. About past 5 this morning a little boy named Jacob Broadhurst died. He was 2 years old, son of Samuel Broadhurst from the Leigh Branch, Manchester Conference. He was interred at 1/4 past 11 by Elders Clauson [Clawson] and Kendall. We sang the hymn, page 135. Brother Kendall engaged in prayer also at past 11 the wife of Benjamin Robback [Rebbeck]died who had been confined on the 19 ultimate. She could not gather strength enough to sustain her body, yet she remained in good spirits up to a few days of her death. She left 4 small children behind. She was administered to by Brother Clauson [Clawson], Kendall and others but nothing seemed to do her good, her strength was exhausted. She was beloved by all the Saints that knew her. Notice was given for a meeting on the Quarter Deck at 3 p.m. Meeting was opened by Brother Kendall who sang the hymn page 184. Prayer by Elder Clauson [Clawson], another hymn was sung page 185. Afterward Elder Edington [Eddington] gave us a short [p.97] and suitable address. The meeting was closed and Elders Welsh,[Welch] Hart and others carried the body to the edge of the vessel and at 20 minutes past 4 she was interred near the bar at the mouth of the Mississippi. This afternoon we made some progress as the wind changed at 12 and brought us near the bar and they cast anchor. There were several steamers close by but they were at work getting a ship off the sands that had drove on shore.

3rd. A fine morning and the sun shining brightly. Served out water and provisions. 4 or 5 steamers in sight getting a ship off the sands. In the afternoon I wrote out my journal. At past 4 a steamer, the "Ocean," came alongside and shortly after another, the "Hercules," came on the other side and after about 1 hours trying to cross the bar we found it impossible. A dispute arose between the captains of each steamer and the pilot of our ship. The captain of the "Hercules" said he would try no longer so he cast off and went away cursing as he left us. The captain of the "Ocean" was more favorable and desired him to stay but he would not. The pilot ordered us to cast anchor and we lay on the sand all night. This evening I with others administered to Brother Bricking [POSSIBLY, Brickington] who had a bad leg. We had administered to him the day before, when the pain had been in his other leg, it left that hour, and came in the other.

4th Gave out water to the Saints. Both steamers came to us and fastened on and strove to get us over the bar and while I am writing we can feel the bottom of the ship, scratch against the bottom of the sea. We are now going ahead first rate. I and Brother Welsh [Welch] went on board the "Hercules" and bought 1 (?) worth of flour as our provisions at this time were short and many of the Saints growing very weak for the want of change of food. We have plenty of oatmeal and rice and biscuits but this was the main of the provisions left and many were weak and feeble for the want [p.98] of other things. The "Hercules" did not come to tow us out but another one named "Mary Kingsland." When we had crossed the bar the "Ocean" left us and the other steamer towed us up as far as the pilot City. This was a small city close by the river side. It caused us to rejoice to see houses once more. The captain gave orders for us to come to an anchor. The steamer dropped astern. The doctor came on board and we all went before him and passed after which a man came with an oyster boat and sold a great many to the Saints at 24 for 1/ [UNCLEAR] I, Brother Palmer and wife had quite a treat. After prayers at 8 we promenaded the deck till 10. I went to bed.

5th. Fine morning. My cooking day from 7 to 9 and from 1 to 3. At 20 past 7 the steamer came alongside, her name was the "Anglo Saxon." She took us and 2 other vessels up the river. There was a beautiful plantation each side of us and the change of scene caused us to rejoice. I went on board the steamer and she looked very nice and at 8 when we went to prayers we had some very good counsel from Brother Clauson [Clawson], who hoped we would not go on deck as we had many enemies in the vessels that were with us and he hoped that the Saints would be wise and go to bed as soon as possible, followed by Elder Duce with some good instructive remarks. This evening it was deemed wise to appoint men to act as watchmen. Elder Duce appointed me, Elder Welsh,[Welch] Philips and himself as 4. We had to watch all night. The Saints went to bed and we went on duty.

6th. This morning Sunday the ship that was behind us broke loose about 1 o'clock and she ran ashore and orders were given for our captain to cast anchor and for the ship on the other side of the steamer to do the same. The steamer went back and after about 1 hour she succeeded in getting her off again and again took us in tow after hindering about 2 hours. This morning I wrote part of a letter to my father and mother. I saw some cows and sheep this morning for the first time since I left home. I went to [p.99] bed about 7 and arose about past 10. Soon after 11 a meeting was held on the Quarter Deck. It was a fellowship meeting. Brother Form [Firm] had his child blessed by Brother Clauson [Clawson] and named it Moses Clauson [Clawson] Form [Frim]. Meeting closed. The scene at this time was splendid beautiful plantations. Each side some houses, orange and cotton trees and sugar cane all of which was a new sight to us and caused us to rejoice. Spent the afternoon in reading and writing. At 8 attended prayers. At 10 went to bed and at 2 in the morning landed at New Orleans.

7th. A beautiful morning and when we went on deck it appeared strange to us to see the wooden houses. The view of New Orleans from our ship appeared strange. I and Brother Welsh [Welch] went on shore about 10 o'clock. Went round the place and returned to the vessel. In the afternoon Mr. John Cope from Leicester came on board and inquired for us and gave us an invitation to go to his house. He and his father were the same trade as myself. He had been here about 15 months. In the evening I and Brother and Sister Palmer. Brother and Sister Wilson and others went and took tea at M. Copes. The family received us very kindly. They were all well. We spent the evening singing and enjoyed ourselves first rate and returned to our ship about 10.

8th. After breakfast and prayers I, Brother [Thomas] French and others went into the town with Mr. Cope who came for us and after looking about we went and took dinner with him and his family. After dinner I and Mr. John Cope and others went into the city and went into the St. Louis Hotel there I saw a negro female slave sold by auction. I was pleased with the splendor of the buildings yet it grieved me to see a people bought and sold like dogs. We returned to the ship. Mr. Cope kindly invited several of the Saints to his house. I, Brothers Wilson, Palmer and wives took tea there in the evening and spent the time in singing and several Saints came from the ship [p.100] and we truly did enjoy ourselves first rate. Broke up about 12 and returned to the ship. This family is worthy of praise. There are 10 of them and they were living at 42 Constance Street.

9th. After prayers we got our boxes all on deck and the Custom House officers came to examine them. It was a fine day and we expected to start up the river for St. Louis in the evening. We spent the afternoon at Mr. Copes. I wrote out my journal and at 7 in the evening the steamer came alongside of us and we commenced to get our luggage on board and at 9 we started. The name of the steamer was "James Noble." After we started we arranged our boxes and about 12 o'clock went to bed.

10th. Beautiful day and surrounded by splendid scenery, served out provisions. This day all our luggage was weighed by the officers of the boat. At 7 we stopped to wood and I and Brother [Joseph] Field went on shore and dug a grave to bury the child of Brother and Sister Ribbeck. [Rebbeck] This was a foggy night. The name of the place was Palo Alto Parish of Ibinth. This evening Elder Kendall desired me to appoint the watch for the night as there was a very unruly crew and things had been taken the night before so it was thought prudent to have a strong watch. We appointed 8 of us, myself, Brothers Welsh, [Welch] Winters, [Winter] Metcalf, Field, Wadley, Smart, and George Smith. We divided, I and Brother Welsh [Welch] were together and went on watch at 10. This evening the child of Brother Form [Frim] died. This evening the sailors were very unruly and were determined not to be governed. They were determined to sit about until the sisters got into bed. They used some very bad language which caused some of the sisters to be afraid. There were 3 families that had taken their beds and slept on the deck. Everything appeared to be silent at 12 o'clock yet many of the sailors were lerching [lurking] about.

11th. This morning we were on watch and every man doing his duty that [p.101] was on watch yet while one of the brethren stood a short distance from the door by some means 3 men got on deck unknown to Brother Smart and his mate and at about 1 o'clock while I and Brother Welsh [Welch] and Metcalf stood at our post the cry of "Watchmen, Murder!" and screaming was heard. I, Brother Welsh [Welch], Smart, and Metcalf rushed where the cry was made. On arriving at the spot on the deck 3 men run away from the Bed of Brother and Sister Naggs. [Knaggs] These men said and tried to commit a rape on the body of Sister Naggs.[Knaggs] These men said they would stick her with a knife if she resisted. The cry was made and they run away. Afterwards these very men came round and appeared very strange and wanted to know what was the matter. They looked very evil at us watchmen and spoke some very hard language against us. One of the crew said to me, he had seen a man ripped open a short time ago and I might look out. Another of them swore he would throw Elder Winters [Winter] overboard if he did not take care. The night was dark and foggy and everything appeared dismal to us that were on watch. Many of the Saints were afraid to lie in bed. Other sailors were determined to go to bed with some of the sisters. One of them succeeded while Brother smith was on watch. One of them got into bed to his wife she made her escape by getting out of one berth into another. Several other times they tried but their designs were frustrated. This was such a night as I never before witnessed. 6 o'clock came and the Saints got up and I went to bed. Brother Palmer called me up at 2 p.m. It was a fine day and the scenery on the banks of the Mississippi was splendid. At this time a steamer is close to us having a race with us, named the "Post Boy" we take the lead. Administered to several that were sick. This evening Elder Kendall desired me to look out some good able men as watchmen for the night and have a strong watch on duty. According to his request I looked out about 20 men and placed each man at his [p.102] post. 4 at each door and 4 inside. The sailors perceived that our watch was very strong so the night passed off quite peaceful. Elders Clauson [Clawson] and Kendall acquainted the captain with the conduct of the crew. He gave orders that no sailor should be amongst the passengers at the time they went to bed and called them to account about their conduct.

12th. Very cold. Administered to Sister Neal [POSSIBLY, Neat] and another sister. Served out supper and tea. The boat stopped several times and we bought bread and c. [UNCLEAR POSSIBLY MEANING, &c] This evening appointed 16 men as watchmen. This evening the crew were rather unruly. Some used bad language all night and disturbed many of the Saints. The watchmen were all on duty at 10 o'clock and prevented anything of great importance. At 12 I went to bed.

13th. A cold and wet morning. We stopped several times. We could hold no meetings on board. This morning I wrote out my journal. Splendid plantations [on] each side of us. In the evening appointed the watch and at 10, 16 men went on watch. This evening we appointed them so as to change them very 4 hours. About 12, I went to bed.

14th. A cold and wet morning. Many of the Saints rather poorly through the change of climate. During the afternoon arrived at Napolean. Here we bought some bread &c. This is about way from New Orleans to St. Louis. Stayed there about hour. This evening I administered to Elder Duce who had lost the use of his arm, the cold having struck it. This evening appointed the watch, 16 in number and went to bed at 11.

15th. Weather a little milder. Spent the morning helping to cook &c. Stayed several times and several men came on board. They seemed very indifferent kind of men. I was called on to anoint the foot of one of the brethren that had been burnt. This evening it was thought wise to have a stronger watch so I appointed 18 men to watch over all the luggage inside and those that were on deck as there were some very suspicious men on board. One man was noticed to try to get under the berths and at other times [p.103] his mates would try to get all they could. At 10 o'clock, I and 17 others went on watch. Brother Charles Welsh [Welch] was my companion. Several of the passengers that had come on during the day appeared very desirous to made some confusion. But I desired the brethren to hold their peace, they did so, and all went off very well till about hour before we came to Memphis when they tried to make some more confusion. One of them began to cry and shout so as to alarm all the passengers. I desired all the brethren to keep to their posts for I could see it was a plan made to get us together while the rest stole something. But this they could not do. Brother Wilson informed the mate of their proceedings and when we arrived at Memphis this man was put on shore. We arrived here at 12 at night. Bought some bread &c. We were now about 400 miles from St. Louis. It appeared to be a nice place so far as we could see. We stayed there about an hour. At 2 I called up the relief and went to bed.

17th. Rather a cold morning. I with Brothers Welsh [Welch], and [Isaac] Boone [Roome] gave out the provisions by desire of Elder Clauson [Clawson] as the Saints were very short, some having nothing to eat but rice and oatmeal. The scenery was fine and the ground rising all the way, trees on each side of us and sugar plantations. This afternoon the boat stopped and put on shore 7 more of the men who tried to make a disturbance the night before. This day attended to the cooking and appointed the watch 16 number and at 11 I went to bed.

17th. This morning we came to a place called Mills Point. Here we bought some provisions. This is about 200 miles from St. Louis. It is situated on a hill. The scenery at this time reminded us of our native land. This morning wrote out my journal. The weather was quite mild and pleasant. Stopped several times for wood, &c and passed several villages during the day and at night we appointed the [p.104] watch 18 in number as we expected to stay during the night but did not reach till 6 next morning. At 1 this day we stopped at Cairo. This village is very near the mouth of the Missouri River which empties itself into the Mississippi. It appeared a nice place. Here we bought some provisions. We were surrounded at this time with trees on each side, the river which again reminded us of our own land. Several of the Saints were very sick at this time. I spent the night in Conference with Elder Edington [Eddington] on a subject of great importance D.O.P.O.W. [Doctrine of Plurality of Wives?]. The choir that came from Leicester were called on to go on deck to sing to the first cabin passengers. They gave general satisfaction. At 11 I went to bed.

18th. This morning we stayed at a place called Geneve [Geneva] at about 6. Many of the Saints bought some provisions. The morning was pleasant and the scenery fine. Passed several boats, gave out some sugar and tea. Passed the day very well and during the afternoon packed up our boxes and the sailors were very busy in cleaning and c. [PROBABLY MEANING, &c] Night came on and it was thought wisdom to place a strong guard on duty so we placed 20 men on watch, as we were getting near St. Louis. We stayed at a place about 4 miles from the city and the doctor came on board. Many of the Saints were concealed because there was too many on board according to law as we had on board about 300 Saints and most of them in good health. We paid about 27 dollars from New Orleans to St. Louis and arrived there about 9 o'clock, all rejoicing to get to that long expected place. Brother Broadhurst's wife was near her confinement. We went on shore to try and get a room for her but could not do so and returned to the ship about 11, all the watchmen were on duty.

19th. Saturday we were desired to get up at 4 o'clock. We arose and all set to work and got our boxes on shore. We got all on to the levee and lined it with boxes. At 10 o'clock Elders Haight, Eldridge, and Gibson came and took a [p.105] very active part in procuring places for the comfort of the Saints. I and Brother Palmer went into the town to procure a room. We did so in Morgan Street between 17 and 18. The house was a very nice one at 10 dollars per month. Brothers Jolly and Smith came to live with us. We hired 3 carts and they took our luggage to the house. The sisters were all very tired and we were. The day was fine and the manner and customs at St. Louis quite pleased me. In the evening I called on 2 or 3 friends from England. They were very kind to us and about 8 we took supper, went home and to bed.

20th. Sunday, rather rainy and cloudy. At 11 we went to meeting which was held in the Concert Hall, Market Street. Elders Eldridge, Clauson [Clawson] , and others addressed the meeting which caused us to rejoice. We had held no meeting for a long time. Elder C.H. Wheelock also addressed the meeting. He bore a faithful testimony to the truths of the work of God. He remarked that he had seen the fulfillment of the work of the servants of God for it had been promised him years ago that he should be the means of bringing into the church some of his fathers family and he rejoiced to say he had succeeded with 2 of them and had them with him. At 1 I dined with Brother George Ward and met again in the afternoon meeting. Was addressed by Elder Haight, Gibson and Kendall. Brother Haight gave the Saints about to emigrate some excellent instructions. He remarked that on account of the oxen being so dear this season he should have to call on the Brethren for more means before he could purchase the cattle which had been ordered and gave notice for the Saints that belonged to the 10 pound company to meet at the office on Thursday evening. Took tea with Brother George Gardner. This was the first time of my seeing him since he left England. I took Sister Martha Jolly with me and took a bus and rode up to his house and in the evening returned by bus to the meeting near to Biddle Market. Elder Wheelock preached and all rejoiced.[p.106] [THE DIARY OF JAMES FARMER (PART II) IS MISSING, THEREFORE THE SALT LAKE CITY ARRIVAL INFORMATION IS NOT AVAILABLE].

BIB: Farmer, James. Journal, (Ms 1565), fd.1; Diary (Typescript) (Ms 8620 reel 11 #3), pp. 77-106; [Acc. #19080] (CHL)
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